What You Need To Know Migraines

Migraines are a common and often debilitating neurological condition that affects 4.9 million Australians (20.55% of the population). They can significantly impact a person’s quality of life and productivity, it is crucial to understand and effectively manage this condition.

Symptoms Of Migraines

Contrary to popular belief, migraines are more than just headaches. Migraine symptoms can vary significantly from person to person, however there are some common symptoms associated:

• Intense throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
  
• Nausea or vomiting
  
• Blurred vision or visual disturbances
  
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
  
• Fatigue or weakness
  
• Tingling or numbness in the face or extremities
  
• Difficulty concentrating or finding words
  

How Do You Get Migraines?

The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood. However, there are several factors that have been identified as potential triggers:

• Genetics: Migraines tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component
• Hormonal fluctuations: particularly in women, can trigger migraines
  
• Environmental factors: stimuli like bright lights, loud noises, strong smells, or changes in weather patterns can act as triggers
  
• Emotional and physical factors: Stress, anxiety, fatigue, lack of sleep, and physical exertion can contribute to migraines
  
• Dietary factors: Some foods and beverages, such as aged cheeses, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol, have been associated with migraines in some individuals
  

The 4 Stages Of A Migraine

Migraine attacks can be divided into four distinct stages:

• Prodrome: occurs before the headache phase and is characterised by subtle changes that may indicate an impending migraine attack. Symptoms can include mood swings, food cravings, neck stiffness, increased urination, or frequent yawning.
• Aura: typically occurs before or during the headache phase. It involves temporary neurological symptoms, such as visual disturbances (flashing lights, zigzag lines), tingling or numbness in the face or limbs, or difficulty speaking or understanding language. Not all migraine sufferers experience this stage.
  
• Headache: the most intense and debilitating stage of a migraine attack. It is characterised by severe head pain, usually on one side, in conjunction with previously mentioned symptoms
  
• Postdrome: this stage can leave a person feeling exhausted, mentally foggy, and emotionally drained. Some individuals may also experience mood changes, such as feeling euphoric or mildly depressed.
  

Diagnosis

Diagnosing migraines involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare practitioner. They will review your medical history, discuss your symptoms in detail, and may conduct physical and neurological examinations. In some cases, additional tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, may be recommended to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.

If you’re experiencing migraine, keeping a record of migraines including the frequency, duration, intensity, and characteristics can be helpful in the diagnostic process. This information can help your healthcare practitioner in understanding your case, making an accurate diagnosis, and developing an effective treatment plan.

Keeping a headache diary that tracks the frequency, duration, and characteristics of your migraines can be helpful in the diagnostic process. This information can assist your healthcare provider in making an accurate diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan.

Treatment

Migraines cannot be cured completely, however there are many treatment options available to manage and alleviate the symptoms. The goals of migraine treatment are to reduce the frequency, provide relief during episodes, and improve overall quality of life. Treatment approaches can include:

• Over-the-counter medications: such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be effective for mild migraines. 
• Prescription medications: including triptans, ergots, and anti-nausea medications, are available for more severe migraines or those accompanied by nausea or vomiting.
  
• Preventive medications: If you experience frequent or severe migraines, your healthcare provider may prescribe preventive medications to reduce the frequency and intensity of episodes. These medications are taken regularly, even during periods without migraines.
  
• Lifestyle modifications: Making certain changes in your lifestyle can help manage migraines. These may include identifying and avoiding triggers, practicing stress management techniques such as relaxation exercises or meditation, getting regular sleep, and maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine.
  
• Alternative therapies: Some individuals find relief from migraines through alternative therapies like acupuncture, biofeedback, or herbal supplements. It is important to discuss these options before trying them.
  

Frequently Asked Questions